疫情对我国经济的第一次冲击是从1月下旬开始，国内经济停摆，民众居家生活；第二次冲击是国际疫情大流行，经济快速萎缩将步入衰退，对我国劳动者复工以后不少企业遭遇“断单”带来下岗失业增多的风险。我国抗疫阶段不同，在不同风险级别地区，劳动者复工的阶段性特征也不同。从农历正月十五过后的制造业逆势而进、率先破冰第一波复工，在诸多行业处于犹豫等待、徘徊观望之时，制造业企业充分发挥了复工复产先锋作用；农历正月过后春耕开始大中型企业和建筑业的第二波复工，低风险地区不断增多，多数劳动者步入复工行列，到三月中下旬疫情高峰过去，大部分地区成为低风险地区、随着市场回升、服务业逐步恢复、进入恢复经济的第三波全面复工，亿万劳动者在常态化疫情防控条件中总体上进入加快复工状态。
The first impact of COVID-19 on China's economy began in late January, as the domestic economy was stagnated and people were staying at home. The second impact was the rampant spread of an international epidemic, the economy was shrinking fast and slipping into recession. Many enterprises have lost orders and Chinese workers were at an increased risk of being laid off or unemployed. Due to different stages of fighting against the outbreak, the periodicity characteristics of Chinese workers resumption of work were also different in regions with different risk levels After the Chinese lunar New Year, the manufacturing sector was the first to resume production, while many other industries were still on the fence. In early February, the large and medium-sized enterprises and the construction industry began to resume production, low-risk areas were on the rise, and most workers were returning to work. By mid-to-late March, the outbreak had eased slightly with most areas at low risk. With the recovery of the market, the service sector has gradually resumed. Hundreds of millions of workers have returned to work at a faster pace in the normal epidemic prevention and control conditions.
从疫情积极向好的先行复工到“大流行高峰过去”、“震中”退出，全面复工，每隔半月二十天就会有复工新变化。亿万劳动者返城复工，为战疫情提供源源不断的物资供给，又持续创新生产、创新经营。为步入正常生活秩序全面恢复经济体现出其活力和韧性，克服了重重困难，冲破种种束缚，也创造出很多前所未有的闪光点，从劳动者集中度较高的十个类型行业企业概括性反映了这种新变化。
In all stages of fighting against the outbreak, periodicity characteristics of work resumption have taken place every half a month or 20 days. Hundreds of millions of workers returned to work in the city, with their continuous innovation in production and operation, they have provided endless supply of materials to fight against the outbreak, and made positive contributions to the comprehensive restoration of the economy and the normal order of life. These characteristics are reflected in ten types of industry and enterprises with high concentration of workers.
（一）从富士康、兰思科技、北京精雕、北汽奔驰、华晨宝马、甘肃扶正药业等百户制造业调查看：制造业是规模化吸纳农民工等劳动者复工复产的主阵地，制造业多数有较强的生产组织能力和员工防疫所需的生活工作配套设施能力，大中型企业是复工的骨干力量，非公企业复工积极性较高，但员工复岗率不同步，处于“不对称”阶段，目前复工中“倒金字塔”现象较多，一线劳动者复工成为关键。
(1) According to the survey of 100 manufacturing industries, such as Foxconn, LENS Technology, Beijing Jingdiao Group, Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd, BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd, Gansu Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. etc., manufacturing is a major industry that creates more jobs for migrant workers and other workers on a large scale, and most of the them have strong production organization ability and that of necessary living and working facilities for epidemic prevention. The large and medium-sized enterprises are the backbones of the resumption of work, the non-state-owned enterprises have higher enthusiasm for work resumption, but the rate of that is out of sync, the work resumption rate of managerial personnel and professional technicians is higher than that of front-line employees, therefore, the front-line workers became a key group.
（二）从中国建筑、中铁工、中电建、碧桂园等近30家建筑企业复工调查来看：建筑业是吸纳农民工等劳动者复工复产的支柱产业，一般都在正月过后陆续复工，部分重点工程受工期约束在正月十五后复工，但是一般中小企业受疫情影响复工时间都有所延后，到3月12日仍有近1/4企业尚未复工。中建集团工程项目有农民工百万人，中铁工集团农民工总数超70万，碧桂园有20万农民工，均按照分公司所在地政府要求分批复工。
(2) According to the survey on the work resumption of nearly 30 construction enterprises such as China State Construction ENGRG Co., Ltd, China Railway Hi-Tech Industry Corporation Limited, Power China and Country Garden that the construction sector is the pillar industry for migrant workers and other workers, and the resumption of work usually began after the Chinese lunar New Year, but that of the SMES has been delayed because of the outbreak and nearly a quarter of the enterprises have not yet resumed. The CSCEC projects have millions of migrant workers, and that number of China Railway Hi-Tech Industry Corporation Limited exceeds 700,000 and 200000 of Country Garden all resumed to work and production in batches according to the requirements of the local government where the branch company are located.
（三）从北京爱侬、管家帮、杭州三替、苏州金管家、福州树人等38户家庭服务企业快速调查看：这个吸纳三千多万农民工就业的大产业复工复产正在恢复。如杭州三替集团有15000多名农民家政工，2月上旬复工率约40%，随着国内疫情转稳，4月下旬回升至80%。
(3) A quick survey of 38 household service companies including Beijing Ainong, Guanjiabang, Hangzhou Santi Group, Suzhou King Housekeep, Fuzhou Shuren. Etc shows that this large industry which has absorbed more than 30 million migrant workers is recovering. Such as Hangzhou Santi Group has more than 15,000 rural housekeepers, the rate of work resumption in early February was about 40%. As the domestic epidemic situation stabilized, it rose to 80% in late April.
（四）从北京新发地、太原河西农副产品市场、昆仑饭店、西贝莜面村、马华拉面、黄河大酒店等30户批发零售、餐饮酒店企业调查看：作为大容量吸纳农民工等劳动者就业的批发零售、餐饮住宿业复工复产遇到很多困难。据美团研究院调查显示，疫情期间的消费疲软是遏制餐饮业复苏的最重要因素，此外还有原材料价格高且损失率高、员工就业成本高、防疫成本高、线上订餐扣点高等多重经营压力。我们调查发现，77.2%的餐饮业商户表示堂食仍未正常营业。截止到4月22日，覆盖全国59个城市有390家门店的西贝莜面村复业达到88%，复工率仅约三成。
(4) According to the survey of 30 enterprises of wholesale and retail, catering and hotel, such as Beijing Xinfadi Agro Wholesale Market, Taiyuan Hexi Agro and Sideline Products Market, Kunlun Hotel, Beijing Xibei Catering Management Co., Ltd, Mahua Hand Pulled Noodle and Yellow River Hotel, they have encountered many difficulties in resuming work and production. A survey by Meituan Research Institute shows that, weak consumption during the outbreak was the most important factor in stemming the recovery of the catering industry. In addition, multiple reasons caused huge pressure on business operation, such as high raw material prices, high loss rate, high employment costs, high epidemic prevention costs and discount point for online ordering, etc. A survey found that 77.2% of the restaurants are still closing. As of April 22, Beijing Xibei Catering Management Co., Ltd, which covers 390 stores in 59 cities across the country, has resumed business by 88% with a resumption rate of only about 30%.
（五）从阿里巴巴、京东、美团、滴滴出行、曹操出行、海航海口呼叫中心等10余户有代表性、规模化发展的快递、外卖、网约车和寻呼服务等现代服务新业态企业看：现代服务新业态吸纳大批新生代农民工劳动者复工复产。除部分在春节期间工作外，大部分受防疫居家生活和外地员工返城隔离要求等严重影响，复工率随着防疫出现积极向好逐步回升。相较而言，制造业中生产防疫物资的增长多，服务业中快递业务上升的比较多。据统计，今年1-3月我国完成快递业务量125.3亿件，同比增3.2%，在现代服务业中一枝独秀；外卖企业在春节期间仍有开工，单位订餐下降，居家需求上升；网约车业务初期下滑较为明显，司机收入收到严重影响。随着管制解除、乘坐公共出行减少，网约车业务有快速的回升。
(5) Modern service new industrial enterprises of express delivery, take-out, online taxi-hailing and paging services, etc., such as Alibaba, JD.COM, Meituan, DiDi,CAOCAO, etc., which has become a major industry for a large number of new generation migrant workers, and the rate of resumption of work gradually increased with the positive improvement of epidemic prevention. With the growth of epidemic prevention materials in manufacturing industry, the express delivery business in service industry has been increased accordingly. According to the statistics, in the first quarter of this year, China's express delivery volume reached 12.53 billion pieces, an increase of 3.2% over the same period last year, occupies a leading role in modern service industry. Orders for take-out dropped during the spring festival due to increased demand of people staying at home. Online taxi-hailing business was declined in the early stage, and the income of drivers was seriously affected. With the deregulation and the reduction of public travel, the business of online taxi booking has rebounded rapidly.
（六）从苏州大卫地板公司、深圳吾泡食品有限公司、北京市李佩卿景泰蓝工作室等200户中小微企业看：绝大多数中小微企在疫情冲击下受损严重，面对市场断崖式下滑至“低谷”，多数处于歇业半歇业状态，调查中有46.96%的企业选择在3月或4月后视市场恢复情况复工。酒店餐饮、文化旅游等行业企业受影响非常大，短期恢复困难最多。
(6) A survey shows that 200 small and medium-sized enterprises such as Suzhou David Wood Industry Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Woopow Food Co., Ltd., and Beijing Li Peiqing Cloisonne Studio, most of the small and medium-sized enterprises were severely damaged under the impact of the epidemic, most of them were closed or about to be closed. 46.96% of the companies in the survey chose to resume work after March or April according to the market situation. Enterprises of hotels, restaurants, cultural tourism and other relevant industries have been greatly affected, and it is difficult to recover in the short term.
（七）从北京燕京八绝、顺义君德益、浙江东阳紫檀宫、广东台山黄花梨家具艺术馆等10余户文化旅游企业看：由于民众居家基本不外出，1月下旬以来基本处于无营业状态，期待疫情后能有恢复性反弹。复工复产正在视市场恢复而行动。
(7) For cultural tourism enterprises including Eight Imperial Palace Handicrafts of Beijing Culture Development Co., Ltd, Beijing Jundeyi Culture Development Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Dongyang Red Sandalwood Museum, Guangdong Taishan Huanghuali Furniture Art Museum .etc., as people staying at home, these enterprises have been basically closed since late January, and expecting a recovery after the outbreak.
（八）从北京易才、FESCO、上海优蓝、广州红海、河北冀联等20余家规模化经营的人力源服务企业调查看：人力资源服务业“链接”劳动者与企业的作用正在显现。复工率受到一定影响但恢复较快，接近九成已在2月底前复工。人力资源服务企业与其他企业相比有一定的特殊性，一手牵农民工等大量的劳动者，一手牵用工企业尤其是规模化用工企业，因此，复工一方面取决自身恢复情况，另一方面要根据客户企业复工需求，2月份敏锐看到今年人力资源供给不足的变化，线上人力资源服务需求较大、普遍采用远程办公方式、复工复业率较高，2月底平均复工率已达到68.0%。如主要从事网络招聘的智联招聘，共有1582名员工，几乎全部员工2月3日（1558人）通过远程办公复业。
(8) A survey of more than 20 human resources service enterprises such as CTGHR, FESCO, Shanghai Youlan, Guangzhou Red Sea Human Resource etc. shows that the role of human resource services in “linking” workers and companies is emerging. The rate of resumption of work has been affected to some extent, but recovery has been rapidly, and nearly 90% of them have resumed work before the end of February. Compared with other enterprises, human resource service enterprises have certain special characteristics. They have to balance the demands of both a large number of migrant workers and enterprises especially the large-scale employment enterprises. Therefore, the resumption of work needs to be taken into account both the recovery situation and the needs of the enterprise. The situation in February illustrates the changes in the insufficient supply of human resources this year, online human resource services were in great demand, telecommuting was widely used and the average rate of work resumption has reached 68.0% by the end of February. For example, Zhaopin.com, which mainly engages in online recruitment with 1,582 employees, almost all of them (1,558 employees) resumed their work through telecommuting on February 3.
（九）从贵州正安县神曲、湖南长沙浔龙河项目、山西灵丘县金属粉沫公司、甘肃省秦安人力资源“扶贫车间”、甘肃定西牧草公司、四川大理会理石榴电商平台等10户农民工返乡创业企业看：可以说复工复产场景这边奇好。大部分处于无疫情、低风险地区，由于吸纳本地劳动者为主，复工复产早，除受疫情冲击订单减少外，基本无损失。例如地处黔渝山区的贵州遵义神曲乐器制造有限责任公司2月16日已复工，150人中当地员工120人已复工，第一批货物已于2月23日发往巴西、日本等地。
(9) For migrant workers returning home entrepreneurial enterprises, such as Shenqu in Zheng'an County of Guizhou Province, Xunlonghe Project in Changsha of Hunan Province, Metal Powder Company in Lingqiu County of Shanxi Province, “Poverty Alleviation Workshop” in Qin'an and Dingxi Forage Company of Gansu Province, Dali Huili Pomegranate E-commerce Platform of Sichuan Province, etc. the resumption of work and production was progressing smoothly, most of them are in non-epidemic and low-risk areas. The resumption of production mainly depended on local workers, therefore, there was basically no other loss except for the decrease of order quantity. For example, Guizhou Zunyi Divine Comedy Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has resumed work and production on February 16, 120 of the 150 local employees have returned to work, and the first batch of goods has been sent to Brazil, Japan and other places on February 23.
（十）从中建埃及项目、国机中设公司塞尔维亚水电站项目、中交建印尼雅加达路桥项目等“一带一路”项目上劳动者复工看：建设项目和企业吸纳劳动者较多，春节前大部分农民工回国过年，遇到突发疫情，因驻地国入境限制或隔离，一时回不去，人力资源出现“空档”。
(10) From the perspective of the work resumption of the “Belt and Road” projects such as the CSCEC Egypt project, the SINOMACH Serbia Hydropower Project, and CCC Indonesia’s Jakarta Road and Bridge project, construction projects and enterprises attracted more workers, most of migrant workers returned to China for the Chinese New Year and could not go back for work because of the epidemic outbreak, which had resulted in serious human resources problems.
从这十个典型行业可窥见劳动者复工复产全貌。面对疫情冲击是相同的，但不同行业的复工受到的影响却大不相同，从劳动者不同行业顺延假期形成错峰返城，到同行业企业来自风险级别不同地区的劳动者分批复工，从市场需求跌入“谷底”逐渐回升的企业，筹划在政府刺激政策下市场回暖及时复工，一切都从保障员工安全和减少经济损失来化危为机。
We’ve got a full picture of China’s workers resumption of work and production from these ten typical industries. The impact of the epidemic outbreak is the same, but the impacts on the resumption of work of different industries are varied. In each stages of fighting against the epidemic outbreak, all the measures taken by the Chinese government were aimed at protecting the safety of employees and reducing economic losses.
从重点企业、重点工程项目劳动者先行复工到长三角、珠三角区域性的发动“抢人”率先复工，以至部分地区降低风险级别跟进的奖励性的复工政策措施迭出，劳动者从早行一步的先行军到紧紧跟上的“大部队”陆续返城，构成中国特色的复工图景。例如4月21日，中铁建工北京丰台新站建设工地的2200多名来自四川、云南、河南、河北、吉林的建筑农民工经过严格隔离检查后全部返岗，他们沿着九层楼高爬百级台阶上去，在春寒下紧张作业，完成了浇铸40万吨钢材80万吨水泥工期任务。
A picture of resumption of work and production with Chinese characteristics consisted of following steps: workers of key enterprises and projects, and those of Yangtze River delta and Pearl River Delta areas took the lead in returning to work; some of the regions have lowered the risk level and successively introduced incentive policies and measures to the resumption of work and production; all the workers resumed work in batches. For example, there was a sharp drop in temperature in Beijing on April 21, in order to finish the project on time, more than 2,200 construction migrant workers from Sichuan, Yunnan, Henan, Hebei and Jilin returned back to their posts and working hard on the construction site of CRCEG Beijing Fengtai New Station.
值得注意的是，疫情防控进入常态化条件下，“断链”企业、服务行业复工复产尤其是复市正处于特别困难时期，复工难以复市、复产难以复销是普遍现象，资金短缺、租房费不减、防疫物资增加成本、人工成本也须支付，国际疫情大流行给国内市场带来超级不确定因素增多、导致消费滞后，形成新的冲击。人们在防疫防控和居家生活一段后消费习惯正处于调整期，“熨平”疫情冲击下的经济创伤有个过程，急需政府的政策救助和企业员工抱团取暖的自救，共同努力，渡过特别困难期，迎来市场从恢复转向正常、复工复产从恢复走向升级。
It is worth noting that as the epidemic prevention and control became normal, it was particularly difficult for enterprises that have lost orders and service industry to resume work and production, and the market and sales volume could not be resumed in a short time. The impact of the epidemic outbreak caused a shortage of funds, an increasing costs of rental fees, epidemic prevention materials and laborers, these uncertainties leaded to lagging consumptions and new impacts. People's consumption habits are in a period of adjustment, it needs a process alleviating the economic trauma caused by the epidemic, and the government's policy assistance and self-help of employees are urgently needed to work together to survive a particularly difficult period.